创客.掌控板.显示

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显示

掌控板板载1.3英寸OLED显示屏，分辨率128x64。采用[Google Noto Sans CJK][Google Noto Sans CJK]开源无衬线字体字体。字体高度16像素点。支持简体中文，繁体中文，日文和韩文语言。

提示:

oled为 machine.framebuf 衍生类，所以继承framebuf的方法，详细使用可查阅 framebuf。

文本显示

使用前，须导入mpython模块: 

from mpython import *

hello,world 文本显示:

便于看到字符是如何在显示屏上显示的,模式选择像素点翻转模式
oled.DispChar('hello,world!',0,0,mode=TextMode.rev)
默认模式下,字符背景像素点熄灭
oled.DispChar('hello,world!',0,16,mode=TextMode.normal)
oled.show()

  • DispChar(str,x,y)函数可以将左上角为坐标的文本将写入FrameBuffer。str 为显示文本内容，支持简体中文，繁体中文，日文和韩文语言。x y 为oled显示起始xy坐标。oled.show()为将FrameBuffer送至oled刷新并显示屏幕。
  • 采用Noto Sans CJK 16像素等高,不等宽字体。不同字符,宽度会有所不一样,如上图所示。

在OLED显示屏上显示hello world的中文或其他语言文本: 

from mpython import *
oled.DispChar('你好世界', 38, 0)
oled.DispChar('hello,world', 32, 16)
oled.DispChar('안녕하세요', 35, 32)
oled.DispChar('こんにちは世界', 24, 48)
oled.show()

oled.fill(0)
  oled.show()

除了可以清空显示屏，还可以将整屏像素点亮: 

oled.fill(1)
  oled.show()

注解：

fill() 为填充整个FrameBuffer区域。

OLED显示屏还支持设置屏幕的亮度: 

oled.contrast(brightness)

注解：

brightness 表示亮度，取值范围为0~255。

基本形状绘制

例：绘制线条 

from mpython import *
import time

def testdrawline():
    for i in range(0,64):
        oled.line(0,0,i*2,63,1)
        oled.show()
    for i in range(0,32):
        oled.line(0,0,127,i*2,1)
        oled.show()
    time.sleep_ms(250)
    oled.fill(0)
    oled.show()
    for i in range(0,32):
        oled.line(0,63,i*4,0,1)
        oled.show()
    for i in range(0,16):
        oled.line(0,63,127,(64-4*i)-1,1)
        oled.show()
    time.sleep_ms(250)
    oled.fill(0)
    oled.show()
    for i in range(1,32):
        oled.rect(2*i,2*i,(128-4*i)-1,(64-2*i)-1,1)
        oled.show()

testdrawline()

绘制线条
OLED可绘制一些点、直线、矩形等形状。

注解：

oled.pixel(x, y, [c] ) 可以显示像素点， x ， y 为点坐标(x,y)。c 为颜色值，当为1时，点亮像素点，为0则否。当如果未给出c，则获取指定像素的颜色值。 如果给出c，则将指定的像素设置为给定的颜色。
绘制线: 

oled.hline(0,1,20,1)  #画水平线,起始点坐标(0,1),线长20
oled.show()
oled.vline(10,10,20,1)  #画垂直线,起始点坐标(10,10),线长20
oled.show()
oled.line(15,15,80,20,1)  #画起始坐标(15,15),终点坐标(80,20)方向的线
oled.show()

注解：

  • oled.hline(x, y, w, c ) 可以绘制水平线，x ， y 为点坐标(x,y)， w 为线宽，c 为颜色值。
  • oled.vline(x, y, l, c ) 可以绘制垂直线，方法同上。
  • oled.line(x1, y1, x2, y2, c) 可以绘制任意方向的线，起始坐标(x1, y1)，终点坐标(x2, y2)， c 为颜色值。
    绘制空心/实心矩形: 
    oled.rect(60,25,30,25,1)   #绘制起始坐标(60, 25)，宽30，高25的矩形
oled.show()
oled.fill_rect(100,25,20,25,1)   #绘制起始坐标(100, 25)，宽20，高25填充满颜色的矩形
oled.show()

    注解：

  • oled.rect(x, y, w, h, c)用于绘制矩形外框。起始坐标为(x, y),宽度 w , 高度 h 的矩形外框，c 为颜色值。
  • oled.fill_rect(x, y, w, h, c)用于绘制填充颜色的矩形，方法与rect()相同。不同于rect()只绘制矩形外框。

绘制弧角矩形:: 

oled.RoundRect(40, 20, 50, 30, 5, 1)   #绘制起始坐标(40, 25),宽50,高30,圆弧角半径为5的弧角矩形
oled.show()

oled.RoundRect(40, 20, 50, 30, 5, 1) #绘制起始坐标(40, 25),宽50,高30,圆弧角半径为5的弧角矩形 oled.show()

注解：

oled.RoundRect(x, y, w, h, r, c)用于绘制弧角矩形。起始坐标为(x, y)，宽度 w ， 高度 h ，圆弧角半径 r 的矩形外框，c 为颜色值。

更多OLED显示屏操作及形状绘制请查阅 oled对象<oled> 。

显示图片

首先我们需要将图像处理为大小128*64，颜色深度为1或者就是黑白模式的bmp格式。您可以使用Photoshop或者其他的图像处理软件。

接下来是使用取模工具对图片进行取模。网上有PCtoLCD、lcd image converter等取模软件，可根据自己喜好自行选择。以下使用的是 :Img2Lcd工具

  • 步骤1.导入128x64，bmp格式图片
  • 步骤2.选择参数，输出数据类型[C语言数组]、 扫描模式[水平扫描]、输出灰度[单色]、宽高[128*64]
  • 步骤3.点击保存，自动生成取模数据。

将取模数据赋值给bmp数组中，然后显示在OLED显示屏上。 

from mpython import *
*#图片bitmap数组*
bmp = bytearray([\
0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X03,0XC7,0XFC,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,
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0X0C,0X0F,0XFF,0XE0,0XF8,0X00,0X00,0X07,0X9F,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XE0,0X40,0X00,
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0X00,0X3F,0XFF,0XF0,0X00,0X00,0X01,0X8C,0X07,0XFD,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XC8,0X00,0X00,
0X00,0X3F,0XFF,0XF0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0XFC,0X00,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XC8,0X00,0X00,
0X00,0X1F,0XFF,0XC0,0X00,0X00,0X03,0XFE,0X20,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XC0,0X00,0X00,
0X00,0X1F,0XFF,0X80,0X00,0X00,0X03,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XE0,0X00,0X00,
0X00,0X17,0XE0,0X80,0X00,0X00,0X07,0XFF,0XFF,0XFD,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XE0,0X00,0X00,
0X00,0X07,0XC0,0X80,0X00,0X00,0X0F,0XFF,0XFF,0X7C,0X7F,0XFF,0XFF,0XE0,0X00,0X00,
0X00,0X0B,0XC0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X0F,0XFF,0XFF,0X7F,0X83,0XFF,0XFF,0XD0,0X00,0X00,
0X00,0X01,0XC0,0X40,0X00,0X00,0X1F,0XFF,0XFF,0XBF,0XC3,0XFF,0XFF,0X80,0X00,0X00,
0X00,0X03,0XCC,0X28,0X00,0X00,0X1F,0XFF,0XFF,0X9F,0XC0,0XF8,0XFC,0X00,0X00,0X00,
0X00,0X00,0XF8,0X08,0X00,0X00,0X1F,0XFF,0XFF,0XDF,0X80,0XF0,0X7C,0X08,0X00,0X00,
0X00,0X00,0X1E,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X1F,0XFF,0XFF,0XCE,0X00,0XE0,0X3E,0X08,0X00,0X00,
0X00,0X00,0X0E,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X1F,0XFF,0XFF,0XF8,0X00,0X60,0X1E,0X08,0X00,0X00,
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0X00,0X00,0X00,0X7F,0XFF,0XE0,0X00,0X01,0XFF,0XC0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,
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0X00,0X00,0X00,0X0F,0XFF,0XC0,0X00,0X01,0XFF,0X8C,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X0F,0XFE,0X00,
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0X00,0X00,0X00,0X03,0XC0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X02,
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0X00,0X00,0X00,0X03,0XC0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X10,
0X00,0X00,0X00,0X03,0X80,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X40,
0X00,0X00,0X00,0X03,0XC0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,
0X00,0X00,0X00,0X01,0X80,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,
0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0XC0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,
0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X60,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,
0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,
])
oled.bitmap(0, 0, bmp, 128, 64, 1)
oled.show()         #刷新显示屏

oled.bitmap(0, 0, bmp, 128, 64, 1)
oled.show()

注解：

oled.bitmap(x, y, bitmap, w, h, c) 可以绘制bitmap图案，x 、y 为左上角起点的坐标x、y，bitmap 为图案btyearray字节数组名称，w 为图案宽度，h 为图案高度，c 为颜色值，1时像素点亮，0 时像素点灭。

动态显示

结合上面静止帧的显示，可以将要显示的动态图片分割成每帧，送至OLED显示屏上逐帧显示，这样就有动态效果啦！

与上面使用bmp格式图片不同。本次使用pbm(Portable BitMap)格式图片，你可以使用Photoshop转换至pbm格式。
pbm数据格式: 

P4
#CREATOR：GIMP PNM过滤器版本1.1
128 64
<数据>

pbm数据格式的前三行定于为图像标注。然后才是图像数据。第一行表示图像格式，第二行是注释，通常是用于创建它的程序。第三行是图像尺寸。 后面的才是我们需要的图像数据。数据存储每像素bit流，1 表示像素点打开，0 表示像素点关闭。
首先将预先准备好的每帧的pbm图片上传至掌控板的文件系统的根目录下。

逐帧读取图像数据流并在OLED显示屏上显示出来: 

from mpython import *
import framebuf,time
images = []
for n in range(1,7):
    with open('scatman.%s.pbm' % n, 'rb') as f:
        f.readline() # Magic number
        f.readline() # Creator comment
        f.readline() # Dimensions
        data = bytearray(f.read())
    fbuf = framebuf.FrameBuffer(data, 128, 64, framebuf.MONO_HLSB)
    images.append(fbuf)
oled.invert(1)
while True:
    for i in images:
        oled.blit(i, 0, 0)
        oled.show()
        time.sleep(0.1)

导入mpython和framebuf模块: 

from mpython import *
import framebuf

用二进制只读格式打开每一帧图片: 

with open('scatman.%s.pbm' % n, 'rb') as f:   
    f.readline()       # 图像格式   
    f.readline()       # 注释   
    f.readline()       # 图像尺寸   
    data = bytearray(f.read())    
fbuf = framebuf.FrameBuffer(data, 128, 64, framebuf.MONO_HLSB)    
images.append(fbuf)     #将每帧数据赋值到列表

在程序中使用 file.read() 逐帧读取图像数据流。注意，前三行不是我们需要的数据，使用 readlines() 将它舍弃。每帧数据流创建FrameBuffer对象，将所有帧缓存储存至images列表。

注解：

open(file, mode) 用于打开一个文件，并返回文件对象。file 为文件名，mode 为文件打开模式，rb 以二进制格式打开一个文件用于只读，一般用于非文本文件如图片等。

注解：

framebuf.FrameBuffer(buffer, width, height, format) 可以构建帧缓存对象， buffer 为缓存区数据，width 为图片宽度，height 为图片高度，format 为FrameBuffer的格式，即对应图片取模时数据输出的扫描模式：framebuf.MONO_HLSB 为水平方向；framebuf.MONO_VLSB 为垂直方向。

对存储好的帧缓存逐帧显示至OLED显示屏: 

oled.blit(i, 0, 0)
oled.show()

注解：

oled.blit(fbuf, x, y) 使用OLED显示图片帧，fbuf 为FrameBuffer对象，x 、y 为起始点的坐标x、y。

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